Technological Innovations of the Civil War

Mechanical Innovations of the Civil War Edward Cordero The American Civil War is known for being the most merciless fight at any point battled in American History. The result of the war keeps on investigating the upsetting nature that numerous people suffer for the solidarity of our country. In spite of its drawback, the Civil War is additionally viewed as the principal present day war.[1] During the Civil War, the improvement of weapons and advancements molded the manner in which Union and Confederate troopers moved toward the front line.ã‚â The mechanical developments likewise set off the flood in losses of life and setbacks of numerous fighters, which legitimizes the explanation concerning why the Civil War as of now drives the quantity of passings in every single American war. Weapons, correspondence, transportation, and documentation were all trying for both the Union Army and Confederate States Army preceding the headway of innovations. This at last made the fights amazingly extreme and the difficulty that officers confronted is something that would be difficult to envision in wars that are battled today. In this way, the advancements of the rehashing rifle, sight-seeing balloon, transmit, submarine, railroad, and camera all immediaty affected how the Civil War was battled. One of the most exceptional mechanical developments of the Civil War was the rehashing rifle. Toward the start of the Civil War, troopers had to adapt to different sort of rifles until it in the long run advanced to the repeaters. Officers from both the north and south were first given the smooth-bore black powder guns. The smooth-bore black powder gun had a long barrel that was insufficient in light of the fact that it had a most extreme scope of around 300 feet.[2] Accuracy was not by any means the only issue, yet the measure of time required to reload the guns caused dissatisfaction. Just the most very much prepared troopers will have the option to load, point and shoot their weapons multiple times in one minute.[3] what's more, the smooth-bore black powder guns could just take in round molded slugs that were almost a similar size as the width of the barrel, making the exactness of the shot less successful. For warriors to hit their objective effectively, they would need to run ne arer to their foes. To improve the precision, troopers turned their enthusiasm to rifled guns or rifling. Rifled black powder rifles resemble the smooth-bore flintlocks, yet the main distinction were the plan of their barrels. The rifled black powder rifles were structured with a barrel that had grooves[4] that would permit the shot to turn, which will bring about the projectile spiraling its way to the adversary. It didn't just purpose extreme harm to an adversary, it likewise stretched out its exactness up to 500 yards when discharging with a funnel shaped Miniã ¨ ball bullet.[5] Although, the two kinds of black powder rifle were as yet viewed as incapable in light of the fact that it could just shoot each projectile in turn. Because of Benjamin Tyler Henry, the primary rehashing rifle to be utilized in the Civil War was imagined. Around 1863, Benjamin Tyler Henry created the Henry Rifle that was fit for discharging twelve shots in the range of one minute.[6] The development of t he rehashing rifles was just made accessible for the Union Army in light of the fact that the Confederates didn't have the gear nor did they have the information on the most proficient method to deliver the rifles. This weapon made it workable for Union fighters to shoot adjusts more than once, making it a helpful strategy when moving toward foe at a nearby separation. The main drawback to the Henry Rifle was the tedious procedure to reload. Following the development of the Henry Rifle was another sort of rehashing rifle called the Spencer Rifle. Christopher Spencer built up another form of the rehashing rifle, however his innovation could just discharge seven rounds.[7] The Union warriors appreciated the Spencer Rifle since it was a lot simpler to reload and it could discharge seven shots in 30 second.[8] One of the most axioms that was composed by a Union Soldier in light of the advancement of the Spencer Rifle is, we have firearms that we load up on Sunday and shoot the remainder of the week.[9] Both rehashing rifles assumed a significant job during the war, yet it was the Henry Rifle that collected the vast majority of the enthusiasm of the Union troopers due to its higher ammo limit. The enhancements from the rifled gun to the Spencer Rifle changed the manner in which troopers battled the war. Association warriors were significantly more equipped for making quick passing their adversary, making it workable for them to continue squeezing forward. The development of the rehashing rifles is the perfect start for the Union Army. The Union Army kept on improving their military strategies with the guide of the sight-seeing balloon. Educator Thaddeus Lowe enhanced the principal ever sight-seeing balloon that was utilized in the Civil War. In spite of seeing achievement in his work, he should initially exhibit his inflatable to President Abraham Lincoln.[10] On June 17, 1861, Lowe hurled upward to a stature of 500 feet in his inflatable the Enterprise-from the Washington Mall in the region of where the National Air Space Museum now stands.[11]After a fruitful showing, President Lincoln set up a Balloon Corp in which Lowe was designated as authority. Lowe got assets on August 2, 1861 to develop the Union, which was the primary sight-seeing balloon to be utilized in a military combat.[12] The motivation behind joining the sight-seeing balloon during the Civil War was to give aeronautical surveillance [13]for the Union Army. The expected technique that Lowe proposed is to climb into the air while conveying a messag e, another mechanical progression for the Union Army, all through the outing. By being 1000 feet high noticeable all around, Lowe will have the option to analyze each development the Confederate officers made. He would then utilize the message to send back data to the Balloon Corp, expressing the areas of the Confederate Soldiers. Effectively, the Union fighters would have the option to fire precisely at the areas of the Confederates, without really observing them.[14] The tourist balloon gave elevated favorable position to the Union Army. Mechanical advancements keep on being overflowing for the Union Army, following the development of the message. During the Civil War, the message demonstrated its incentive as a strategic, operational, and vital correspondence medium and a significant supporter of Union victory.[15]Samuel Morse concocted the message in 1844 and kept on advancing until he sent the universes first message from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, Maryland.[16] The message is a machine that made significant distance correspondence conceivable by imparting electric signs over a wire. Preceding Civil War, broadcast lines were seen dissipated all through the East Coast. The Western Union Telegraph Company figured out how to spread around 15,000 miles of broadcast link, which was utilized fundamentally for military communication.[17] Similar to the advancement of the sight-seeing balloon, the message must be exhibited so as to persuade the endorsement to be use in war. In 1843, Morse made his first show by sending the message, What hath God Wrought!, from Washington D.C. to Baltimore.[18] The first record that hold these notable message is situated in the Library of Congress. The message assumed a significant job in the Civil War since it made correspondence a lot simpler. It was utilized to transmit and get significant messages about the war. It was a vital gadget for the Balloon Corp in light of the fact that all together for Professor Thaddeus Lowe to send messages to Union officers from the air, he should utilize the message. The message was additionally answerable for staying up with the latest. Without the message, the Union Army would not have that much favorable position over the Confederate States Army. The Union Army had more noteworthy bit of leeway over the Confederate States Army, yet with the advancement of the submarine, the Confederate officers ended up during the time spent fighting back. Toward the start of the Civil War, the Union Army previously had maritime favorable position by joining the ironclad warships. The ironclad warships were amazing in light of the fact that it was outfitted with protective layer cladding[19] and for its capacity to devastate while remaining above water on water. The basic role of the ironclad warships was to make an obstruction to keep the Confederates mariners from leaving their ports. The advancement of the submarine enabled the Confederates to sneak up on the ironclad boats while submerged, which was viewed as one of the most commended strategic developments of the war.[20] There were numerous submarines that were created by the Confederacy, however the most critical creation was finished by William Cheeney and Horace Hunley.[21]Hunley mad e numerous submarines all through the Civil War, yet he wanted to keep improving the highlights of his submarines. The most exceptional submarine he made was called CSS H.L. Hunley. On February 1864, Hunley was prepared to make the principal assault with the CSS H.L. Hunley. Lieutenant George Dixon, alongside his group, set out and found the Unions USS Housatonic, an ironclad warship. Now, Dixon and his group lowered away from the adversary and smashed the Housatonic with a fight torpedo jutting from the front of the sub.[22] The torpedo figured out how to hit the side of the enemys transport and was sunk inside five minutes. Thus, the CSS H.L. Hunley made sure about a spot in history just like the main submarine to crush an adversary ship.[23] Unfortunately, hours after the effective assault, the CSS H.L. Hunley sunk and was gone forever. The submarine assumed a significant job in the Civil War for the Confederates since it gave them the more prominent bit of leeway in maritime fig hting. Regardless of the Union Armys animosity ashore, the Confederate States Army were building up their strength submerged. Mechanical developments appear to be an opposition, yet the advancement of the railroad was significant for both the Union and Confederates. Preceding the development of the railroad, it was hard to move support troops, weapons, and other military assets. Railways dramat

Are people becoming too dependant on computers In a well-developed Essay

Are individuals getting excessively dependant on PCs In a very much created , contend possibly in support of individuals being excessively needy - Essay Example In any case, with the passage of the web in the market, individuals approach data, a viewpoint that makes them not to endeavor while searching for durable arrangements. This has decreased the degree of advancement particularly among the youngsters. PCs have brought a great deal of changes, some of which have negative effect on the clients. At first, instances of stoutness were uncommon. Individuals used to perform physical work which made them to stay fit. In any case, in the cutting edge world, numerous things have been automated. For example, the vehicle framework is increasingly powerful gratitude to PCs. Hence, less individuals are picking to walk in any event, for short separations (Jacko and Andrew 37). This viewpoint is majorly affecting the soundness of the individuals. Insights demonstrate that the quantity of individuals experiencing constant sicknesses that outcome from less exercise is expanding immensely. On the off chance that the pattern isn't captured, the circumstance is probably going to decline every day. At first, individuals used to associate and offer thoughts and concerns. The relatives used to meet and talk about on issues that influenced their relationship. Be that as it may, overreliance on PCs and PC empowered innovations has influenced the connection between individuals. This is on the grounds that PCs clients have been not able to control the time they spend on PCs. This has even been quickened with the section of the web. At first, youngsters used to invest their energy playing with their companions. This empowered them to grow truly and mentally. Be that as it may, right now, they are investing quite a bit of their energy visiting with companions or playing PC games. This is majorly affecting their wellbeing. Presentation of PCs has expanded people’s dependence on these gadgets. Individuals are done ready to utilize the customary way to get data. This has prompted rise of online courses, libraries, and other significant assets. Despite the fact that this advancement has made life simpler for the

The blogs are back in town

The blogs are back in town Today in IAP individual events (I might go check out the Man Vehicle Lab talk/tour this afternoon) Ben has been out of the office all week with a three-digit (in degrees Fahrenheit) fever, but still he managed to blog. Use his feedback page to send him get well wishes! Daniel (aka Moneyman) has also been updating his Money @ MIT blog and answering many of your financial aid questions. You (or whoever is filling out your financial aid forms) should definitely check it out. Mitra is taking advantage of IAP being, well, independent, and is elsewhere for the first three weeks of IAP, making for a nice 5-week vacation away from campus. Luckily, shes got Harvey pinch-hitting for her this month, which promises a great IAP of blog-reading. Plus, Quinton, Allison, and Kevin are all back with new entries. Cool. On the topic of blogs, does anyone have any other blogs they like to read? Im always looking for more ways to punt*. Only eight more days until Mystery Hunt! I know theres going to be at least one team with a dozen or so admitted members of the Class of 2009 =) *How to GAMIT defines punt: punt - (1) v.t. To determine after analytical deliberation not to do something often academic in nature. (2) v.i. To be in the process of not doing something.

The Ethical Principles Of Assisted Suicide - 2430 Words

What exactly coerces someone to want to die? Is it the thought of dying while in excruciating pain? Is it because they are going to die soon anyway gripped by a terrible disease? Or is it because they have a mental illness that does not let go of their psychological well-being? These are only a few of the many reasons why someone might want to die today or tomorrow. Whether this is right or wrong is very controversial. Assisted suicide is very prevalent in today’s society, with five states deeming it legal and the remaining states considering it illegal. There are several major conflicting values and ethical principles within assisted suicide that may be in opposition to the code of ethics. However, the ethical principle of autonomy allows the patient to have control over their body and illness and die with dignity rather than with pain and suffering. The advanced practice nurse is an integral part of the interdisciplinary team in order to educate patients and recognize end of life concerns. Assisted suicide consists of the physician or practitioner prescribing and providing the medical information in order for the patient to commit the life-ending act. For example, the practitioner may prescribe sleeping pills and provide information on the lethal dose which the patient carries out. This is different from euthanasia, which is the physician or practitioner administering a lethal dose of a medication at the voluntary and competent request of the patient (MacLeod, Wilson,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide2297 Words   |  10 Pagesphysician-assisted death, such as active, passive, and assisted suicide. To some people they may mean the same thing but in reality, they are quite different. Active euthanasia is when a physician physically injects the patient with a drug that ends their live or in some way is the direct result of the patient’s death. Passive euthanasia is the result of something taken away from the patient that results in their death, such as removing a breathing tube or stopping treatment. Physician assisted suicideRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide1214 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide (PAS), refers to self-administration of medication prescribed to a patient by their physician to end his or her life, and euthanasia, the administering of lethal drugs by a physician to end a patient’s life (Lachman, 2015) are extremely controversial topics. For several decades, supporters for the legalization of PAS and euthanasia have served as advocates for terminally ill patients who wish to have an alternative to a long, drawn out, painful death. These supportersRead MoreVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Voluntary/Assisted Euthanasia (Thesis, Description of the topic and related ethical implications, Obligations to your profession and work as a nurse) Debra Burden The purpose of this paper is to define the issue and legalities of assisted death and the key ethical arguments, including the social values and norms, encompassing this topic. Also included in this paper on voluntary/assisted suicide is theRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable?1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along withRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pages11/20/2014 Assisted suicide is a controversial subject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implicationsRead MoreNurse Jackie And Assisted Suicide1364 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Jackie and Assisted Suicide Ethical dilemmas exist everywhere around us in everyday situations. 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Political concerns surroundingRead MoreEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide1645 Words   |  7 Pagesphysician-assisted suicide are actions at the core of what it means to be human - the moral and ethical actions that make us who we are, or who we ought to be. Euthanasia, a subject known in the twenty-first century, is subject to many discussions about ethical permissibility, which date back to as far as ancient Greece and Rome. It was not until the Hippocratic School removed the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmasRead MoreWhat Is Black And White Anymore? Death With Dignity Laws994 Words   |  4 PagesCommonly also described as physician-assisted suicide, Physician-assisted dying, aid in dying, or medical aid-in-dying. (death with dignity, n.d.) This includes clearly the establishment of the needed knowledge intentionally as well as knowingly to an individual so that he or she can commit suicide. This knowledge may involve counseling the person on the lethal drug doses in terms of prescription or supplying those drugs to the individual. When is physician-assisted suicide acceptable? According to JeremyRead MoreThe Death Of Physician Assisted Suicide1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthink it could be immoral. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting the physician-assisted suicide. To guarantee that the process is carried out correctly a doctor or a witness should be there to prove consciousness. The patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness, if they are not then there is a possibility for a life. There are many pro’s and con’s to physician-assisted suicide. If a person is terminally ill they would

The Military Decision Making Process - 1096 Words

The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a repeating plan of procedures used to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order. The MDMP integrates the intangible and comprehensive aspects of planning and integrates the activities of the commander, staff, subordinate headquarters, and other partner involved in the planning process. We need the MDMP because it allows the leader to apply thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logic, and professional knowledge to understand conditions, develop choices to solve problems, and obtain results. The MDMP aids in the collaboration and planning with the higher headquarters. The higher headquarters gather and shares information concerning future operations with subordinate and neighboring units, supporting units, and unified action partners. They plan meetings, issues warning orders or use other means. The MDMP consists of 7 steps that have numerous inputs and outputs. The out puts can lead to an increasing understanding of the situation. The commanders and the staffs perform these steps consecutively. They may revisit several steps as they learn more about the situation before constructing a plan or order. The 7 steps of the MDMP are receipt of mission, mission analysis, course of action development, course of action analysis, course of action comparison, course of action approval, and orders production. The first step is the receipt of the mission. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Military Decision Making Process923 Words   |  4 PagesDecision making is identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, find solutions for the problem and decide the solution for the problem. This is the army definition of Decision making. â€Å"Decision making is knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. 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We need an Army that is trainedRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process647 Words   |  3 PagesMilitary decision making process (MDMP) The MDMP is the Armys solution to decision-making and assists the commander and staff in developing a plan and estimates. The MDMP is analytical and detailed through all levels. The commander decides the procedures to use in each instance, his plan hinges on clear visualization, and he uses the entire staff to make his plan. The steps in the MDMP are the following: Receipt of mission - the structure starts with orders issued by higher headquarters of anRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay2496 Words   |  10 Pagesused in the Army when it comes to military decision making, problem solving, and planning. The intent is to better understand and explore different ways to apply this concepts. As Non-commissioned Officers we serve as advisors to our Commanders and leaders. It is imperative that we are involved and able to assist in the planning process of our unit’s operations. We need to have a complete understanding of the seven steps in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and the eight steps in theRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process And It Essay2225 Words   |  9 PagesMilitary Decision Making Process and It Is Used In Staff Operations In today’s Army the role of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) is ever changing. They are known as the backbone of the Army and play a crucial role in today’s battlefield. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the roles that a Staff NCO plays in an organization and how they ensure our combat effectiveness no matter what situation they are put in. To be combat effective, Soldiers need to carry out the orders that areRead MoreEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process5155 Words   |  21 PagesEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference â€Å"Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making†. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gà ©rard) Cloà ¯n (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal hasRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp ) Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Military Decision Making Process SGT Williams, Christina Non-Commissioned Officers Academy Advance Leaders Course Class # 172-16 Phase 1 DL Abstract The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and show how it can be applied to daily operations. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinkingRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Military Decision Making Process The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and apply it to a recent job-related decision of the author; preparation for a combat logistics patrol (CLP) while deployed in Iraq. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinking impacted the decision. The Steps of the Military DecisionRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesIn the view of global security,(2011) The military decision making process abbreviated as MDMP is a planning model that establishes procedures for analyzing a mission, developing and comparing courses of action(COA) that are best suited to accomplish the higher commander’s intention and mission. The MDMP comprise of seven stages and each stage depends on the previous step to produce its own output. This means that a mistake in the early stage will affect all the other stages that follow. These stepsRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp )1243 Words   |  5 Pages Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) SGT Alexander, Joseph Non-commission Officers Academy Senior Leader Course ALC 166-16 Phase 1 dL Abstract The historical process of creating and implementation of the Military Decision Making Process has changed significantly since World War I. The US Army did not have a published staff doctrine or guidance to assist commanders in the decision making process. The Regulations for Field Maneuvers (1910), did not provide staff guidance

Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Free Essays

Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Federal Law Enforcement Agencies â€Å"There are many important Federal Law Enforcement Agencies in the U. S. but I decided to write about the ones that mostly caught my attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Law Enforcement Agencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now † * American Correctional Association: The American Correctional Association, also known as ACA, is the oldest and largest international correctional association in the world. It serves all disciplines within the corrections profession and is dedicated to excellence in every aspect of the field. From professional development and certification to standards and accreditation, ACA is your resource and the world-wide authority in corrections. * Central Intelligence Agency: The function of the Central Intelligence Agency is to assist the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in carrying out the responsibilities. The CIA engages in research, development, and deployment of high-leverage technology for intelligence purposes. As a separate agency, CIA serves as an independent source of analysis on topics of concern and also works closely with the other organizations in the Intelligence Community to ensure that the intelligence consumer. Department of Justice: The Department of Justice enforces the law. This federal agency defends the interests of the United States according to the law. It ensures public safety against threats foreign and domestic; it provides federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; it seeks just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and it ensures fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. * Homeland Security: The department of Homeland Security is focused on smart and effective enforcement of U. S. immigration laws streamlining and facilitating the legal immigration process. The department has fundamentally reformed immigration enforcement. It gives priority to the identification and removal of criminal aliens who pose a threat to public safety and targeting employers who knowingly and repeatedly break the law. * Drug Enforcement Administration: The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States. Those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances ppearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States will have their consequences. It recommends and supports non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets. References * http://post. ca. gov/federal-law-enforcement-agencies. aspx * https://www. cia. gov/ * http://www. a ca. org/ * http://www. justice. gov/about/about. html * http://www. dhs. gov/prevent-terrorism-and-enhance-security * http://www. justice. gov/dea/agency/mission. htm How to cite Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Essay examples

Aggregation Strategies on Achieving Economies of Scale @Motorola

Question: Aggregation strategies focus on achieving economies of scale or scope by creating regional or global efficiencies; they typically involve standardizing a significant portion of the value proposition and grouping together development and production processes." (de Kluyver, 2014)? Answer: Aggregation Strategy for Motorola Human Resource: The management of Motorola has to engage skillful and experienced personnel that can help in enhancing the operation and performance of company and remaining ahead of Nokia in terms of sales and brand value. The human capital can help in updating the phone features and making necessary changes that can increase sales in India as well as in other nations. Differentiation: Motorola has to offer different features and apps in their phones along with high processor speed so that the smart phones of Motorola can beat the smart phones of Nokia in terms of sales and revenue. Therefore, the product differentiation can be effective not only in increasing sales but also it can help in increasing the brand positioning in the market. Reasonable price: The price of smart phone of Motorola has to be reasonable so that people can afford phone at least cost with better features. The price of some Nokia phone is almost INR20000 which is too expensive for the middle income group people. Therefore, if Motorola keeps its price at affordable rate then it can help in increasing the sale and better market share. Price Standardization: The Motorola Company should not charge different price from one nation and different price from other. This will affect the brand image of the company and customers may feel cheated and thus it can decline the sale and earnings. Therefore, Motorola has to implement equal price at all regions for their phones and it will be valuable to gain edge over Nokia. Partnership strategy: In order to make then brand popular, several organization develop partnership business via sharing resources, skills, money, loss, profits, etc. Joint venture is one of the key strategies of making partnership with the other company. This question demonstrated the partnership business between Toyota and BMW. Both the company is joint venturing with each other and plans to develop a sport car in the market. Both the company is world largest automaker. With joint venturing the business, BMW and Toyota tries to create lightweight materials, fuel cell system, and lithium air batteries based sport car in the market. In 2011, both the company makes an agreement with each other and starts to develop the project of lithium air batteries and fuel cell system that save extra fuel. Apart from that, Toyota and BMW both is setting up strategy for investing more on research and development in terms of increasing technology that deals in sharing spending on vehicles. This will allow in recouping investment quicker in order to use the developed technology in more models. The European Chief said that these technologies are more expensive as well as effective that helps in sharing costs in a better way with her company in future. Motors Co. and the PSA Peugeot Citroen is the new compact model after joint venturing with each other by BMW and Toyota. In the Peugeot model, BMW shares the gasoline engine. Apart from that, both the company sharing their resources made Mazda RX-7 model that is the new rumors crop including alarming frequency.

Sonny Blues free essay sample

Sonny Blues Essay Blues Is a genre of music that usually speaks about depression. This was the type of music that almost led to a mans downfall. Sonny is this man who loves this music from ever since he was a young man. His love for this music added to Sonnys influence on drugs. His only brother lacks the support that he needs and this was the start of a destructive relationship between the two brothers. There was no brotherly love for a long time between these two brothers and blues was the cause.This music played a very important role in the relationship of these two brothers. In the short story Sonny Blues, by James Baldwin, blues represents Sonny addiction and message to his brother because the music forms a bond between these two brothers rough relationship. Blues Is a major part of Sonnys life. He has a love for this type of music and he can see himself playing and listening to this type of music for the rest of his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This Is the only thing Sonny wants to do with his life. When Sonny moves Into Isabella parents house shortly after his mother passed away, he began to take this music very seriously.He practices continuously on the piano in his new home. Sonny began to skip school and this was the beginning of the downfall in his life with the influence of this music in his life. Isabel parents came down on Sonny horribly about his music addiction after being informed that he was skipping school. The author lets the reader know, they penetrated his cloud, they had reached him. Even if their fingers had been a thousand times more gentle than human fingers ever are, he could hardly help feeling that they had stripped him naked and were spitting on that nakedness (Baldwin 55). Sonny could not fight this pain.He felt as If his dreams were crushed and he was not willing to accept this. Sonny acknowledges that music which was life or death to him had been torture to Isabella family (Baldwin 55). Knowing that his music meant nothing to them or his older brother made him feel as if he is a waste. He was trying to better himself and it was complete nonsense to the rest of the people in his lives. Although, Sonny may have been doing drugs before Isabella parents came down on him, the feeling of being stripped of the only thing he felt that he was good at may have triggered his addiction to drugs. This music represents Sonnys addiction for drugs not only because he feels that he is not good at what he does, but also because this type of music allows him a chance to escape the tough life he experiences. Sonnys has been through a lot of difficult times in his life. Both parent passed away when he was only a young boy. In addition, his older brother was overseas In the army. He had no one to guide him and this was a huge mistake on behalf of his older brother. Sonny feels that the drugs associated with the blues are exactly the way for him to become one tit the music and to break away from his stressful life.HIS addiction to drugs and his love for the music is intertwined together as one. He needs drugs to get through asks him if he needs the drugs in order to play, he replies, Its not so much so play. Its to stand, to be able to make it at all on any level. In order to keep from shaking to pieces (Baldwin 58). The meaning of these words is that Sonny needs the drugs in his system to be successful in the music, and it is a way for him to come out and let the world know his pain. He needs this drug to keep him going when he performs ND it is a way for him to fully express himself without falling apart.Sonny feels this music is his escape and the drugs also numb the pain that he feels when he sings the blues. He cant have one without the other and he needs this music in his life, so therefore he needs the heroin as well. Sonnys older brother does not see eye toe with Sonny. They have a very rough relationship and it is merely because the way Sonny lives his life and his use of drugs. Sonnys brother never accepted him to be a musician because he felt that the music was only a downfall for Sonny. This also may eave crushed Sonny inside to know that he was not getting any support from his own brother.Sonny brothers says, l didnt like the way he carried himself, loose and dreamlike all the time, and I didnt like his friends, and his music seemed to be merely an excuse for the life he led (Baldwin 56). Sonnys brother only sees the negative part of how blues affects Sonnys life. He fails to see how much this music really means to Sonny. He fails to see that he should try harder to help save Sonny from his addiction. Sonnys brother is unable to see that Sonny will not give up Blues. When Sonny is released from prison he sees things a little different.Prison may have opened up his eyes to see that his lifestyle was unhealthy and will only lead to his downfall in the future if he continues. Blues is what makes Sonny and his older brother relationship so rough, but this music is what brings the two brothers together as well. They both view the music and the lifestyle that it brings differently. They form a closer bond after Sonnys brother goes to the night club with Sonny. When they both appeared at the night club Sonnys brother watched him and Sonnys close friends perform. He witnessed something he had never witnessed before.When Sonny began to perform, his brother says, It was very beautiful because it wasnt hurried and it was no longer a lament. I seemed to hear with what burning he had made it his, and what burning we had yet to make it ours, how we could cease lamenting (Baldwin 63). Through Sonnys music he could see that there was no more grieve in Sonny, and when Sonny is performing, he is free from all his sadness. He witnesses Sonnys escape and sees that he himself can be free from his pain as well through Sonnys music. Sonnys brother witnesses this fire inside Sonny without rugs in his system. He sees Sonny being successful in playing and singing this music for the first time in his life. This view on Sonny opens up their relationship and brings them closer than ever before. Sonnys brother is finally aware of how much love his brother has for this music. He gains some insight on what this music means and how it is helpful. Sonnys brother says, l understand, at last, that Sonny could help us to be free if we would listen, that he would never be free until we did (Baldwin 63). Sonny brother means that listening to the pain that Sonny sings bout is a pain that he can relate too.He also begins to understand that listening to Sonnys music was a way of freeing Sonny from the pain that Sonny endures, and it would also help himself as well to escape his own misery. This music was a way of the music led to many troubles in his life as well as stress for the family and love ones in his life. Although Sonnys addiction to drugs had a negative impact on his life he found a way to connect to his brother with the very same thing that brought them so far apart. Sonny connected with his brother by letting him witness what this music does for him. Sonny Blues free essay sample Sonny Blues by James Baldwin is a story between two brothers from Harlem who confront their pain and suffering in altered ways. Sonny is arrested at the beginning of the story due to heroin use, while his brother the narrator is a schoolteacher trying to better his students and the community. Throughout the story, the reader views numerous points with the lives of the characters seen as the narrators point of view. The story ends with Sonny playing the blues in the club, while his brother is listening.Music helps them deal with the pain and suffering. The story advises that sometimes music can help people represent pain, passion, and suffering, while dealing with problems and understanding one another. Sonny is presented as a troubled youth who grows into a troubled man: These boys, now, were living as wed been living then, they were growing up with a rush and their heads bumped abruptly against the low ceiling of their actual 371 Suffering can come In many shape and forms, with the young boys in Harlem having the mindset that they have a little chance of making something of themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are living in a community where it has perished with to many opportunities to become successful. Sonny has ambition of becoming an exceptional and musician, but unfortunately the drug environment In Harlem haunts him into falling into a stereotypical African-American who is not successful but lives poor and does drugs trying to make in Harlem. The narrator feels deficient because he is trying to teach high school math to students who might never get out of Harlem. He knows that drugs Is not the answer to anyones problems but he understands that there might be something more pleasurable then learning algebra: It had appended and here I was, talking about algebra to a lot of boys who might, every one of them for all I knew, be popping off needles every time they went to the head. Maybe It did more for them than algebra could (Baldwin 367). Even though the narrator knows he Is trying to better his community, he gets discouraged of what all is surrounding him and his students while living in Harlem.Sonny has been using the heroin to conceal the pain and issues he has within himself. Once he is released from Jail Sonny must face his problems, and he uses the Jazz to accomplish this. As the reader. E see that Sonny changes by being able to deal with his pain and suffering through music instead of drugs. Music was Sonnys dream at a young age he wanted to become phenomenal musician. Laurie Champion states, The narrator continues to question Sonny about his goals, asks him what type of musician he desires to be, and demands that Sonny answer him seriously.Sonny says he wants to be a jazz musician (Champion). The narrator wonders if his brother will have what it takes to become a musician. He says, ;l think people ought to do what they want to do, what else they are alive The narrator wants to understand why e wants to make this career choice and lifestyle, Since he cannot understand, the reasoning behind Sonnys decision he feels as though he does not know him. He FIFO graduates (Champion). The narrator feels agitated with Sonnys fate in life. He wants him to have a stable and secure lifestyle.The Harlem resistance was an era where jazz music was becoming popular in America but was not always accepted the type of music was considered foul in some social society classes. A European director states: The teaching of Jazz is not only the right but also the duty every up-to-date musical institution. So far, so good. He continues, An infusion of negro blood can do no harm. It will help to develop a wholesome sense of rhythm, which after all constitutes the life element of music (Salomon 734).Harlem is rich in history and culture, throughout the years it has seen everything from poverty to urban growth. The community stayed strong throughout its rough times and this became a model for other black urban areas. Although the Harlem Renaissance was short lived, it changed the face of black America forever. The word Renaissance brings to mind a rebirth of art, music, and culture. Sonny is in desperate need of a rebirth in his life to be able to make himself and his family proud of him.Sonnys brother the narrator has struggled with pain throughout his lifetime. He has learned how to deal with his struggle of pain through interactions with others and family. Throughout the story, he is distant towards Sonny, but does not do it initially: He and Sonny hadnt ever got on too well. Moreover, this was partly because Sonny was the apple of his fathers eye. It was because he loved Sonny so much and was frightened for him, that he was always fighting for him (Baldwin 374). A family happiness is based on a successful and strong bonding between the members.Relationships between father and son are often conflicted while the son is growing up, but on the other hand, the relationship of father and son can be a great friendship between the two. If they are in conflict, it can really affect the family as a whole. This can cause a burden on the son because he wants to live his own life and follow his dreams, not what his father wants. Terry Heeler states: The narrator and Sonny have found alternative ways of making meaning and order. The narrator sakes a literal family and a conventional career, as his father did.Sonny becomes an artist, one who expresses for himself and his community and to himself and his community the passions that unite them. By expressing these passions, giving them order in articulation and making them meaningful, he also makes and sustains a kind of family, a community of shared moments of meaning (Heeler). The narrator does not use drugs when he has to deal with pain, but he seems to have anxiety and can feels the pain physical as well as emotionally. When he says: A great block of ice got titled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long, while I taught my classes algebra.It was a special kind of ice.. . Sometimes it hardened and seemed to expand until I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream (Baldwin 366). This allows the reader to see how the narrator handles anger and pain by keeping his emotions inside, it makes him want to scream. The narrator also feels guilt and loneliness for not fulfilling their mother request of him making sure Sonny knew he was there for him. Reilly states: The idea f meriting your suffering is a staggering one.In the face of it the narrators inclination to talk about Will power and how life could be well beautiful, is blunted, because he senses that by directly confronting degradation Sonny has asserted what Watching Sonny go through multiple devastating life changes has affected the narrator emotionally. He loves his brother but does not understand him. They both are analyzing the world with two different perspectives, as though they did while they were looking out the window in the cab. Sonnys life is completely different from his brothers life and as a result, sonny skies to use music as a way to convey his reality.The Jazz he prefers to listen to and play is less traditional music. He enjoys the artists who are spontaneous while the music relied on instinct then a formal session. Musicians who were like sonny who valued freedom of expression loved Jazz music. This provided a chance to live freely, go against social conventions and a normal society, while creating original music. Barman states: The man who created the music is hearing something else, is dealing with the roar rising from the void and imposing order on it as it hits the air. What is evoked in him, then, is of another order, more terrible because it has no words, and triumphant, too, for that same reason (Barman 370). Sonny will always be different from his brother, he is not the average person who works a regular Job and lives a plain life. Sonny is a musician and music feeds his soul and helps him cope with the reality of the community he lives in. Since Sonny is a musician and his brother is not and has not experienced the same struggles. Sonny has an alternative family who understands his music and the life that comes with being an artist.This secondary family helps Sonny because his brother is not very close to him at the time and does not understand his lifestyle. This gives Sonny a since of Joy that he has people around him that is Just like him and who cares about him and his music. Music heals the soul. Music is therapy that helps people get through all emotions whether you are suffering, in pain, angry, or happy. Music can also define who you are and your type of lifestyle and it does for Sonny. The narrator finally starts to understand his brother as musician and understands why his brother needs his sic to express himself.As the narrator is watching and listening to Sonny play at the nightclub he describes a glass sitting over Sonnys piano as shaking like the very cup trembling (Baldwin 388). The narrator states this to show a difficult position Sonny is in, this reference comes from the Bible. Where the cup of trembling is a symbol to describe the suffering and fear the people have. The biblical passage says there will be a relief from suffering and the narrator believes that the cup is a reminder of all the pain he has endured but also giving him a chance of redemption and peace.Sonny is a musician and he turns all his sorrow into music that is from the heart and beautiful. The ending of the story is very significant because the two brothers finally understand one another and can live in peace. They understand that pain and suffering will always be around in life, because it is a part of life. The importance is now they both know how to handle their emotions in a proper way. While the narrator is watching Sonny play the piano at the nightclub, he realizes that Sonny has found his way back to his musical family and that he is a part of his original family again.

British Influences on India in the 1800s essays

British Influences on India in the 1800s essays There is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India. India, having previously been a group of independent territories, underwent great change under British administration. Originally intended to consolidate their hold on India by establishing a population that spoke the same language as their rulers, the British decision in the 1830s to educate Indians in a Western fashion, with English as the language of instruction, was the beginning of a chain of events, including a rise in Indian nationalism, that led to Indian resentment of British imperialism and ultimately to the loss of British control over India. One of the most important factors in the British loss of control over India was the establishment of English as a unifying language. Prior to British colonization, India was fragmented and multi-lingual, with 15 major languages and around 720 dialects. English served as a common ground for Indians and allowed separate cultural and ethnic groups to identify with each other, something which had rarely if ever occurred before. Although it was mainly educated Indians who belonged to a higher caste who spoke English, these were the most influential people in terms of acting as leaders for nationalist ideas to be communicated throughout the population. Many magazines and journals are written in English also had a great influence on the rise of Indian nationalism. Although most Indians received nationalist ideas orally, these journals allowed Indians who were literate in English to come into contact with the ideas of social and political reformers. Political and social reform in India was achieved as a result of the European political principles brought to India by the British. Indians were Anglicised, and the British ideal for an Indian was to be "Indians in blood and color, but English in tastes, opinions, and intellect", as put by one British legislator. This Western education led to educated Indians learning ab...

The article review of 'Universal Jurisdiction, Universal Prescription Literature

The article of 'Universal Jurisdiction, Universal Prescription A Preliminary Assessment of the African Union Precriptive - Literature review Example Essentially, some of the issues explored by the article could be understood from the perspective of the historical differences that have affected African countries in their attempt to ratify some of the international legal principles. The article explores a range of issues that connect within international jurisdiction in ways that demonstrate the differences in approaches adopted by European and African countries. On this matter, it becomes necessary to consider the fact that most of the issues that relate to international legal practices have elicited sharp divisions in African countries, which have tended to demonstrate the fact the universalist practices are essentially biased. Basically, some of the issues raised in the article tend to promote the assumption that the international legal practices were specifically developed as tool of western powers to influence the governance of African States. The article uses specific provisions in international laws relating to matters of im munity and culpability to demonstrate this fact. Case examples of countries such as France and Switzerland show that the application of the universality principle in its narrow sense and understanding fails to connect the issues with the fundamental applications as they relate to issues of law in a universal context. The merits of this argument could be assessed from the point of view of the differences in culture which affect the manner in which different societies perceive the aspect of law. The author points out that the development of the legal structures on which some of the tenets of international law are based is essentially biased in favor of the western countries. According to the author, some of the differences that attend to the application of the rules of international law are essentially manifest in the contestations that various countries attach to the rulings and applications of various countries. In this regard, it becomes necessary to assess the manner in which vari ous countries have attempted to redefine the articles and concepts of international practice to suit some specific realities in their home countries. The author makes the case of various aspects of the law in a manner that attempts to explore the unworkable parts and the mismatch with realities that occur in the African continent. The aspect of criminality acquires new meaning when removed from local interpretations and applied in accordance with western concepts. The article cites cases such as the Rwandese massacre in which the failure by the international community to come to terms with the ethnic and cultural factors that connect to the issue have occasioned misinterpretations of the international legal practices. The central argument of the article is that the universality principle only serves the interests of western powers. The argument fosters the impression that the international law was mainly created to entrench their control and influence over the African states. The ar ticle explores the problematic application of matters of immunity in ways that seek to illustrate the unclear issues that make it difficult for countries to approach the subject from a common platform. In essence, many of the issues that apply within the issue could

Ada Mediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ada Mediation - Essay Example The State College is an old institution and the college authorities claim that it has historical significance of over 200 years in terms of its architectural structure. The real problem derives from the fact that due to absence of ramps, the student is not able to move freely around, which prevents him from utilizing the resources available in the college. Thus, he is forced to seek help from others to negotiate the tall steps. This causes considerable problems to him and hampers his music practice. The authorities of State College, on the other hand, state that it is hard to make modifications in the building, which will spoil its architectural value of historical significance. Besides, they claim that they will have to incur an expense of over $ 1 million to make the ramp for a single person. They are putting forth this reason to avoid any modifications to the college building to render it ADA compliant. This fact has raised a public issue as it disregards the provisions of the Ame ricans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990, enacted by the American Congress. Issues: The present subject raises the question of legal support to the music student in State College. For all practical purposes, this person has been unable to use the facilities to learn music in the college. The ADA emphasizes that all disabled persons have to be extended full facilities in their workplace.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalisation Economics Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalisation Economics Essay Redding (1999) defines that globalisation as the increasing integration between the markets for goods, services and capital and at the same time the breakdown of borders. Other researcher found that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced technologies such as communication, internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of multi-national corporations (MNCs), population migrations and generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also critical problems such as infections, diseases and pollution (Braibant, 2002). Thus, from many point of views, globalisation is seen to be the borders between countries, governments, the economy and communities, increasing liberalization and openness of markets, particularly through the elimination of barriers to trade in goods and services and the development of integrated international financial market. PRUS (2001) simplified the term of globalisation as a process of increasing connectivity, where ideas, capital, goods, services and people are transferred across country borders. Labour and employment Positive Impact However, the process of globalisation can bring more jobs opportunities in host country when MNCs move their production operation into developing countries. According to Rama (2003), job creation only will occur in export-processing zones where large amount of work forces are required in order to keep the production running. A good example of jobs creation would be Coca-Cola decided to invest in Malaysia with a new bottling plant, consist of $301 million investment. They stated that this investment will able to create 600 to 800 jobs at the plant with 8,000 jobs connect with local suppliers (Agence France-Presse, 2010). Negative Impact Woods (2000) stated that the government of developing countries start to compete with each other by deregulate their policy to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and multi-national corporations (MNCs). Hence with lower the wages and taxes rates enable the investors to avoid the risk of losing their capital invested in developing country. Research done by The Economist (2001) and Woods (2000) and found that when the government of developing countries increasing minimum wage and labour safety standards in order to protect local workers rights, this might could cause MNCs relocate their operation to another developing countries, where that particular countrys labours, who were probably willing to accept low wages by any standards, lack of union representative and legal protections such as child labour and other gross labour that abuses by global companies. Technology transfer Positive Impact Transfers of technology depend on resource available by MNCs with the ability to achieve the level of technology development in order to make them competitively in global market. Usually developing countries unable to do research and development on their own as the technologies that required implementing the competition strategy are most likely to come from other countries through technology transfer (Stewartet al., 2003). Hipkin and Bennett (2003) stated that the extent of developing countries, participation in global economy depend on their ability to respect where the importance of technological transfer cannot be overemphasized. There are ten modes of technology transfer which has been identified by Peter Buckley (1985, citied in Transnational Corporations and Technology Transfer to Developing Country) but the most conventional form will be whole-owned subsidiaries. This form is also known as FDI where MNCs can lower their transaction cost (Cantwell and Dunning, 1994). Hence technology transfer to subsidiary in other country allow developing country to learn the operation of new technology. Sometime subsidiary didnt allow local firms to learn but they somehow find their way to obtain the technology such as hiring operator from that particular subsidiary (Mansfield and Romeo, 1980). Negative Impact However globalisation can also bring negative impact to developing country. Certain MNCs transfer their technology to developing country as those technologies might cause health problem to employees as well as local citizens. Good example would be Bhopal disaster caused by America MNCs subsidiary, Union Carbide India Limited that produces pesticides. Sophisticate technology bought into India but the leakages of chemical caused more than 500,000 people suffer from the disaster (Eckerman, 2005). Social impact Positive impact Globalisation can bring good and bad effect to developing countries. Developing able to reduce the amount of population that live below poverty level with the help of globalisation as the effect of job creation has been achieved (Lee and Vivarelli, 2006). Local citizens are able to get a job and ensure the survival of their family and improve their living standard. Negative Impact In this era of globalisation, social aspect is tightly related to the effect of the waves of globalisation such as living standard, career, families and their communities. In this case, globalisation are claimed that it is a method to organise someones life which consist of assimilation, communication among people, organisation, and the government as well in other part of the world. Hence, it was also called the method that used driven by global trade and investment aided by information technology. Besides, this issue is also directly inter-related with some other issues such as unemployment, disparity and scarcity, and environment as the chain effect of the waves of globalisation (Globalisation 101, 2002). The inter-relationship between the technology and economic is very critical and it succeeded in consisting the rise of the theoretical approaches where the centrality of changes in technology have been accepted and the dynamic force of the term innovation in the elements of economical changes (Freeman, 1998; von Tunzelmann, 1995). According to Nussbaum and Sen (1993), investment in technology appears to have an optimistic link to wider philosophy in developing economic interests which include social choices and freedom capability in longevity and education. Globalisation on impact of the countries economy Positive Impact According to Baghwati (2004) globalisation is playing the significant role of enhancing economic affluence by offering new hope to developing countries. Gangopadhyay and Chatterji (2005) saying that globalisation has been characterised as a reduction in trade barriers such as free flow of goods, services and labour from one country to another. Richardson (2000) contends with these views as, the effect of this is increasing the trade which turn into increased income for developing countries and serves as an opportunity to stabilise their economies by taking the advantages of trade. This statement is true and has been proving by (Richardson, 2000; Dierks, 2001) that globalisation has greatly reduced the trade barriers between countries through adjustment of tariffs and import duties. Negative Impact The rise in globalisation has increased capital flow into developing countries economies. Foreign Direct Investment injects capital into developing countries in terms of stabilizing the countries economic. This is also a benefit that increased the countries financing through loans and grants from developed countries (Aurifeille, 2006). However, there will be net capital inflow that could lead to negative effects on trade. Chan and Scarritt (2001) noted that the large capital inflows were caused by the appreciation of exchange rates and inflationary pressures that impact on the countrys current account. This means that globalisation in improving the countries economy could actually stop the progress of the economy unless the host countries balance of payment focuses on the foreign plant where the export is more than import. The adjustment in trade barriers has lead to the promotion of specialisation to developing countries because they are able to concentrate on the production of commodities which can be produced at the least cost (Aurifeille, 2006). Developing countries fully use the advantage of globalisation to enhance their income through trading goods which they can produce most effectively. Such development is giving developing countries an opportunity to obtain goods that prove expensive to produce in their own countries. Corsi (2009) saying that, competition is always an effective way of enhancing innovation to produce better quality goods. Thus, globalisation had enhanced competition as the flow of goods and services between countries has becomes easier. Globalisation impacts on economic and environment Negative Impact Economic and environmental problems show few signs of improvement for a large share of the worlds people but when comes to external debt levels, weak export and real income growth, it often enter a mutually destructive relationship with environmental and resource degradation which linked to the agriculture and urban activity. The important connection between economic and environmental problems can be clearly seen in the widespread social and economic impacts towards soil erosion, deforestation, urban congestion, unmanaged chemical such as heavy metals, air pollutants, solid and liquid industrial and residential waste (Long, 1990). According to Huber (1982) and Simonis (1989), ecological modernisation was one of the primary modes of sustainable development which comprised both a theory and a policy or political programme based on the view that comprehensive political and economic change could be implemented to achieve a less material and energy-intensive economy through the application of integrated and preventive resource and pollution-reduction strategies. This technologically-intensive mode of production would not be a viable option for lower income nations because the intensive technological basis of ecological modernization suggests that its effective operation and flow-on benefits are probably beyond the reach of poorer nations. Indeed, rapid global technological progress has often resulted in the Intensification of uneven development rather than enhanced opportunities for the poor (Freeman, 1987). The post-materialist solution for technologically advanced economies would Conclusion Although globalisation can help developing countries to grow and become developed countries through different kind of benefits enjoyed by them but at the same time globalisation can bring disaster to developing countries, even can bring the whole country collapse in few months times. Research done by scholars indicated that globalisation can be a benefit to developing country but at the same time its also a threat to developing country. However the net benefits enjoyed by developing countries is greater than net cost paid as shown in this literature view can say that globalisation can actually bring benefits to developing countries.

Literature: Evaluate Literary Texts in Different Genres Essay

In the novel Regeneration the theme of heroism is quite prominent. There are many characters that are heroic and are revealed to be heroic through the narrative. One of these characters is Dr Rivers. He is the main protagonist in the novel and it is through his personal journey that the story is told. The omniscient narrator is a key element of the story telling; we find out what each of the characters are thinking and feeling without them having to spell it out with dialogue. This is a good way for the reader to understand more about each character than they are willing to give away to each other. Rivers’ journey can be shown through his struggles with his duty and his strong values about honour. His heroism comes to the fore metaphorically as he reaches the conclusion to carry on helping his patients even after he has realised that not everyone can be ‘fixed’. His heroism is also shown literally when he risks his own life against the rising tide to save the life of David Burns from suicide by drowning. Rivers compares himself to Dr Yealland, looking at his work and seeing the results that Yealland can achieve in such a short space of time. Rivers sees his own method as doing his duty; to send the men back to the war front ‘better’ and ready to fight. Yealland’s methods are cruel and sadistic, but they also work, they make the men able to fight again. So in theory he is doing his duty as well. It is this juxtaposition between his own methods and Yealland’s that Rivers has problems with. He shows us, however, that just because his methods take longer and are less cruel, that he is showing some elements of caring for his patients that are more like a father figure would. It takes a lot more strength to send a now mentally stable man back into the chaos and craziness of war when you care about them and their welfare. Rivers says ‘obviously he and Yealland were both in the business of controlling people. Each of them fitted young men back into the role of warrior, a role that they had – however unconsciously – rejected’, (chapter 22, page 238). His journey to the conclusion that he did in fact help people, no matter what his feelings about the war and the paradoxes it draws, is shown by Barker as heroism. It is reflected in his actual act of heroism; one that comes at the end of a novel filled with him being unwell and mentally questioning himself and his actions. It shows that he can both be physically and mentally heroic and that he was never a weak or cowardly man. His dedication to his work and his sense of duty is seen when Graves says ‘When you put the uniform on, in   effect you sign a contract. And you don’t back out of a contract merely because you’ve changed your mind’, (chapter 3, page 23) Rivers agrees with Graves, he says ‘I couldn’t agree with you more’, but he also sees that the best way to stand up for your principles is to ‘do the job’ and change people’s minds in a different way. Pat Barker has in her novel used a heroic yet gentle and caring protagonist that reflects her personal understanding of the war and its effects on her grandfather who fought in the First World War. She could see how the war had affected him and used this knowledge and understanding in a very poetic and moving way within the novel. Her patients are all deeply troubled and even Dr Rivers himself. Using this very human and relatable way of portrayal she makes the character of Rivers very believable and sympathetic. The empathy of the audience and the hope that he will be able to ‘fix’ himself as well as ‘fixing’ his patients is what makes the novel compelling and intense. Her way of writing is very subtle and lyrical. There are moments when you lose yourself completely in the images in your head. The visions of the trenches throughout the text are very memorable. Seeing the halls of Craiglockhart as trenches, with ‘the long narrow passage with its double row of brown doors and the absence of natural light. ‘Like a trench without the sky.’’ (chapter 2, page 17) is symbolic of Rivers’ views about wishing he could see the front again, ‘Rivers pulled the curtains to, and settled down to sleep, wishing, not for the first time, that he was young enough for France.’ (chapter 9, page 108). The symbolism and imagery of the trenches is also about how trenches are in fact just the massive graves of the young men killed in battle, where other soldiers have to live and breathe there in the open graves of others. When Prior, after being hypnotised, recalls what he was repressing and it was cleaning up the trench after his patrol was killed, Rivers says to him ‘You did your duty. You’ve nothing to reproach yourself with. You even finished cleaning the trench’, (chapter 9, page 105), it pulls both elements together: The trenches and the idea of duty and honour above breaking down and being weak. Rivers’ beliefs about duty and honour are tested when he questions himself, especially after seeing Yealland’s work. He believes that the way Yealland works is too emotionally and physically sadistic, too cruel to be of lasting help and concludes that his own way of working is better as it exerts no control over the patient but allows the patient to control their own recovery. Rivers’ heroism is that he rejects Yeallands ideals and remains a good doctor, who helps people and he can feel proud and good about the methods he uses and the people he has saved. He gets from Head the reassurance he needed when he felt guilty about Sassoon’s decision to go back to the war. Head says ‘You and Yealland doing essentially the same thing. Good God, man, if you really believe that it’s the first sign of dementia,’ and ‘get it clear whose decision it was that he went back’, (chapter 23, page 240-241). Sassoons decision calls into question the definition of madness for Rivers. Is Sassoon mad for wanting not to fight, against all honour and duty? He decides to go back to be with his men that need him, not to make a stand about the war, but if he were to, that would be the better way to do it, rather than rebelling. Rivers questions whether he himself is mad, for sending broken men that he’s ‘cured’ back to the front to face death again. The question of duty and honour is not black and white in war time. The heroism that Rivers shows is in accepting the fact that war cannot be stopped, and making any difference that he can is worth it because he can sleep easily at night knowing that he saves lives.

Immigration Paper

From the air we breathe to the food we eat, we as people are all the same. Whether it may be light skin or dark skin, characteristics in which make us different on the outside differ, not because we want it to, but because of our ancestral history. History shows us that because of a person's location, adaptation to that location occurs.For instance, history shows us that people of darker skin are found in countries closer to the equator because more pigment is needed in a persons genetic makeup In order to withdraw themselves from the various diseases and effects that may be obtained from standing in the sun for an extended period of time. There are several causes and disparities of external traits or appearances that divide us Into several groupings or categories which are called â€Å"races. † In other words, races categorize people through socially significant hereditary traits.With the has been defined differently all throughout history. These indistinct interpretations ef fect the way one approaches the topic. Racism can broadly be defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement; usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Racism and discrimination being the acts of ones prejudicial thoughts can lead us to believe that discrimination based on someone's ethnicity occurs everywhere.From the houses or apartments we live in to the shoes we wear anything and everything is a reflection of ethnic discrimination. For example, in America we have a capitalistic economy. In a capitalistic economy entrepreneurs profit off of work done by others who are hired to do the Jobs that business owners do not want to do. Statistics show that Jobs such as farming, cleaning, plumbing, etc. Are done by minorities while the superior race who is usually a white male gains a vast majority of profit due to many hours worked and low pay. Racism, a n ideology that is taught not born with, is present throughout the labor force.Ethnic discrimination is used to maintain balance throughout the division of labor. As stated previously in a capitalistic economy every Job requires someone of a Geiger position. No matter what Job title a person may have there is always someone of higher power. With that said, the workers who usually do the low end Jobs are usually Latino and African-Americans who are a minority race in America the land we call a democratic territory, though many beg to differ. Everywhere we look serves as a primary example to ethnic discrimination.This can be illustrated when stepping foot into a McDonald's seeing almost every worker of colored skin working six to twelve hours, still having trouble having a place to sleep, and knowing that the rooters Richard and Maurice McDonald are multi billionaires off of the work done by mostly minorities. Ethnicity: I am Spanish. I am White. I am Black. I am of Korean decent. I a m British. I don't have race or culture. Comments such as these are every day examples of how many people view their race and identity. Even though many people are unsure of what it truly means to have culture we make claims about it on a daily basis.Some feel they have a race while others simply feel they do not. We include based on who fits into this ideal and exclude those who do not. The fact of the matter is that culture is employ, learned through every day experience, conflicting and contradictory, relational because it is learned through interactions with others, and per formative, as our interactions are performances with public domain, is something that people never seem to think about, until we are put in a situation, in which we then become aware that we are different.Our knowledge of culture, ethnicity and identity is subconsciously internalized on a daily basis through constant social interactions. Although the concepts of race and ethnicity are socially constructed, th ey are real in their consequences. Their affects on the social world can be seen from my very own how Vive come to view my own sense of identity. As an adoptive child of white decent in a Hispanic family which lived in a predominately African American neighborhood I noticed many things as a child that allowed me to constantly become aware that I was different.Through interactions with peers in my elementary school, I noticed my hair was different; my color was a lot lighter than most, and that I was overall different. â€Å"Look who has nice shiny hair† were comments that lingered through my Junior high school days, where I struggled o fit in by shaving my head and dressing a certain way. Although I longed to feel a part of a certain group I kept sane by hanging with people of similar background. We were all ethnically similar in the sense that we all derived from Hispanic households. Based on this exclusion, ethnic symbols such as Spanish music and dancing were what set us a part and defined us.Not only was this alienation felt among my peers and myself, but it was also felt inside the classroom. Growing up I never quite felt that I could speak up in class and show my outgoing personality at such a young age n fear that people would make fun of me. I knew I was different and did not want to cause them to focus their attention on that difference. For projects in school, I would always take the role that required speaking the least, so that I wouldn't have to speak in front of them. I got along with everybody, but was not truly myself until I set foot inside my home, my private domain.At home I could eat all the rice and beans I wanted to without the fear of abandonment. Moving on to high school it was as if there was a shift from being ashamed of my race and culture to embracing it and wanting to showcase it. It was overnight, and I don't think that there was ever a time where I Just changed overnight, but it was definitely a process of starting to becom e comfortable in my own skin and being surrounded in an ethnic school with different cultures, and not Just whites, that allowed me to really embrace my racial difference. High school whether subconscious or not, racial sub-cultures emerge.In high school, cliques are formed on that very aspect of ethnicity and culture. People hang out with people that look like them, that dress likes them, and who they feel they can relate to. It was high school where I truly Egan to have a sense of my Hispanic culture. I ate all the rice and beans, danced to salsa and meringue, and sang along to Marc Anthony and Victor Manuel. It was only there that my true outgoing and friendly personal came out. I became more a more active participant in the school. For instance, becoming part of committees such as film club, debate club, and music club. Also big part of the swim team.Although I associated with all races, I took pride in hanging with my friends in my ethnic group. Only there we could talk about t he latest of our countries. The newfound confidence in my culture had a lot to do with media presentations. Despite the embedded racism towards Hispanics and African Americans on television, when growing up Hispanic artists had become increasingly popular, and so had urban culture. Spanish music had been brought back to light, and it had taken my fear of being different with it. Not only did I listen to it, I made it apart of me and welcomed it with open arms.When I watched television though I look nothing like the Hispanic people on television I knew I was apart of them because of the family I had been growing up in. I related to the culture. The culture have respect for it. Not only did media representations of black culture help me to understand my identity, it also helped redefine it. What I through it meant to belong to my Hispanic culture had begun to change. â€Å"Why can't you dance to Meringue? â€Å", â€Å"Can't talk Spanish? † , were common questions that were m ade to me as I moved up in my high school years.I began to feel stigmatize by my own Hispanic people. No I had to work twice as hard because I didn't fit in with the whites, and I didn't fully fit in with the Hispanics. For whites, I was to loud, liked too much Spanish music and had a style that was too â€Å"ghetto'. So again, I began to have doubts as to where I fit in. My university years were where I surrounded myself with other adoptive students who were able to relate, and find a true sense of identity. It is now since I am older and in university do I understand the power the media had in reinforcing stereotypes and maintaining social inequalities.It is this aspect do I continue to four struggles with today. As I am plagued with images of Hispanic women pregnant, speaking in slang, fighting, and in music videos half naked. Only within the last few years have I come to understand why I was struggling with fitting in. It is because the media portrays how they perceive the majo rity of Hispanic women. We get caught up in their misconceptions, and Just buy into what we think we are destined to become. The media leaves out the successful Hispanics who have struggled to make their life one worth living.Immigration: In 21st century America, illegal immigration is an issue at the forefront of many a debate. While people have always unlawfully crept across borders, recent history has seen no such wave of this crime as has been on display in the USA over the last few decades. Stemming from Central and South America, primarily Mexico, the flow of â€Å"border mummers† has increased substantially, and continues to do so, despite the efforts of border patrols and organizations such as Americans for Legal Immigration, Americans for Immigration Control, and the Minutemen Civil Defense Corps.According to the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) estimates of the illegal immigration population, between 1990 and 2000 the amount of illegal immigrants to the US rose at an average of 350,200 people every year, doubling the nation's entire illegal population. ‘ The amount of illegal immigrants has become so vast that since the mid-sass the umber of people entering the US illegally has surpassed that of their legal counterpart. Ii In 2000, INS estimates had the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico alone at 4,808,000, more than 60% of total Mexican immigrants. Ii By amount of illegal immigrants, the next 9 source countries combined provide less than a quarter of the people Mexico does. One of the most significant impacts of illegal immigration in the US has been crime. According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on incarcerated arrested a total of 459,614 times, averaging about 8 arrests per illegal alien. They were arrested for a total of about 700,000 criminal offenses, averaging about 13 offenses per illegal alien. 49% had previously been convicted of a felony, 20% of a drug offense; 18% a violent offense, and 11%, other felony offenses. 1% of the arrests occurred after 1990 56% of those charged with a reentry offense had previously been convicted on at least 5 prior occasions. Defendants charged with unlawful reentry had the most extensive criminal histories. 90% had been previously arrested. Of those with a prior arrest, 50% had been arrested for violent or drug-related felonies. Iv Note the â€Å"reentry offense† in the last two statistics. There are criminals who had already been convicted of crimes and deported on previous occasions, only to return illegally and continue a life of crime.According to the US Justice Department, over the course of 2003 an estimated 270,000 illegal immigrants served Jail time throughout the country. Of those, 108,000 were in California, the state that suffers the most from crime on the part of illegal immigrants. According to an Urban Institute study, 17% of America's prison population at a federal level consists of illegal aliens, an astounding f igure, engendering they only make up 3% of the US population. Former California Gob. Pete Wilson places the percentage of illegal aliens in U. S. Prisons even higher, at 20%.The incessant illegal immigrant crime wave shows no signs of slowing down, and the US government is not taking serious enough prevention measures. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform, citing US Justice Department statistics, â€Å"In March 2000, Congress made public Department of Justice statistics showing that, over the previous five years, the INS had released over 35,000 criminal aliens instead of deporting them. Over 11,000 of those released went on to commit serious crimes, over 1,800 of which were violent ones [including 98 homicides, 142 sexual assaults, and 44 kidnappings]. While many deported aliens reenter the country, it is a daunting enough task to prevent some from doing so a second time, and undoubtedly is a more effective measure in prevention than simply releasing them on to the streets, where crime in their demographic is prevalent. Part of the reason for such an enormous amount of crimes carried out by illegal aliens is the ease with which they can obtain assistance and backing from gangs, cost notable Mar Cultural, otherwise known as MS-13.Created in the sass by a group of Salvadoran peasants trained in guerilla warfare, MS-13 has become possibly Central America's greatest problem, and a growing one in the United States. Since â€Å"precise† statistics are impossible to obtain, the true strength of MS-ass's presence in America is unknown, but estimates claim over 15,000 members in over 115 cliques in 33 states, and these numbers are ever growing. Unlike Mafias of the past, where there was at least some code of conduct, MS-13 has become infamous for their depravity and brutality, not limiting themselves in any way.As noted in press releases by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, in 2003 multiple members of MS-13 were deported for the sexual assault of 2 minors, aged 16 and 17, displayed this brutality with the killing of children. V Physical harm caused by illegal aliens does not only come in the form of outright crime. Of 71 fatal car accidents on the Eastern Shore since 2002, thirteen were caused by illegal aliens, all but three of which had no insurance. In most cases, the vehicles had no inspection stickers, the drivers carried no license and alcohol was a factor.To anyone with common sense this comes as no surprise, seeing as one who displays contempt for the law by illegally entering the country, will probably show the same lack of respect toward any other laws, such as those put in place to keep US drivers safe. As well, there is the factor of diseases that are not endemic to the United States being spread by illegal aliens, who cross the border unscreened. Diseases either no longer existent in America, or seen only rarely, have seen comebacks or growth, including Malaria, Dengue, Leprosy, Hepatit is A-E, Chaos Disease, Sadomasochists,Guiana Worm Infection, Whooping Cough, Streptococci, Morsel's, Tuberculosis and HIVE. Malaria has seen recent outbreaks in New Jersey, New York City, Houston, and California, although it was eradicated from the US in the sass. Dengue, a disease heretofore unknown in the US, has now been recognized in a few outbreaks. In the 40 years prior to 2002, only 900 cases of Leprosy had been recorded in the US. From 2002 to 2005, that number ballooned to 9,000, most of which were illegal aliens.In 2004, more than 650 people contracted Hepatitis A at a single Mexican restaurant in Pennsylvania, four of whom died. Chaos disease is endemic to Central and South America, and until recently was unknown in the United States; current estimates show up to 500,000 people infected with it, mostly illegal aliens. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease that kills approximately 2 million people around the world each year, and is spread in the same fashion as the c ommon cold.The United States has one of the lowest Tuberculosis rates in the world, whereas Mexico is 10 times higher. As if that wasn't bad enough, a few years ago a Multi-Drug-Resistant (MAD) strain of TAB has emerged, that is resistant to all tankard antibiotics, and treatment can cost between $250,000 and $1 per person. According to one expert, in 2005, of the 407 known cases of MAD-TAB in California, 84% were in â€Å"foreign born† patients, mostly from Mexico and the Philippines who had been in America less than 5 years.According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 a newer strain was recognized, referred to as CDR-TAB (Extensive/Extreme Drug Resistant), which, as of late 2006, accounted for 4% of all US MAD-TAB cases, and is virtually incurable regardless of cost. While exact numbers for HIVE infected illegal aliens are impossible to obtain, due to he fact that researchers rarely ask one's citizenship status, what is known is that in California there are roug hly 2 HIVE infected Latin women for every infected Caucasian woman. The criminal ramification of so many illegal immigrants plays a role in the financial effect as well.Between 2001 and 2004, the Federal Bureau of Prisons' cost to incarcerate illegal aliens rose from about $950 million to about $1. 2 billion. As this is federal spending, it is money obtained through taxation, essentially leaving law- incarcerated illegal aliens deported, federal spending could drop more than $1 lions dollars a year, by all means a small move toward pulling the country out of debt, but a move nonetheless. The sheer mass of humanity pouring over the borders is something that cannot be withstood by America's financial means, and it's starting to show. In August 2009, the unemployment rate in America peaked at 9. %, more than double the 4. 6% of Just 2 years earlier, partly due to the fact that illegal immigrants have taken many Jobs once held by taxpaying American citizens. These illegal laborers have little trouble finding Jobs, especially those requiring little to no special skills, since they are willing o work for little, and their employment is under-the-table, saving employers money that would otherwise be spent on employee benefits and taxes. In the US, illegal immigrants currently make up 20% of cooks, 25% of construction laborers, 22% of maids/housekeepers, 25% of grounds maintenance workers, and 29% of agricultural workers.The combined total Jobs now unavailable to taxpaying Americans Just in these 5 professions exceeds 1. 72 million! Viii As if the direct financial ramifications of illegal immigrants taking Jobs from citizens weren't enough, taxpaying Americans are all but forced into financial benison by the second half of the coin. Due to millions of dollars in taxes not being paid due to illegal immigrants being paid off the books, taxes are hiked up to compensate for the drop in money being obtained by the government through taxation.So, while the illegal alien has a Job that pays him in cash, and no taxes to pay, the unemployed American citizen is now forced to pay higher tax rates without any income, which by definition can only lead to financial ruin, and subsequent reliance on the government for sustenance. A vast majority of those who advocate amnesty for illegal aliens are liberal Democrats, whose central political belief is that of a powerful government, and perhaps the fact the sudden influx of humanity would force more people into reliance on federal aid is precisely why.Amnesty for illegal aliens is, in concept, a beautiful, humanitarian idea. The argument usually flows along the lines of how poor, unskilled, uneducated workers from foreign countries only want to legally succeed, and support families, and become law abiding citizens who can better society. Statistics, however, quickly disprove this by displaying the truth behind the scourge of illegal immigrants. How their blatant, overall lack of respect for the nation's laws harms Americans financially and physically. How even after being arrested, or deported, they continue to break the law with little regard to possible consequences.As well, advocates for amnesty refuse to realize the practical impossibility of it. If amnesty to all illegal aliens was granted, the economy would not be able to provide nearly enough Jobs (as we are now seeing). Thanks to â€Å"anchor babies† (babies born in the US to illegal alien parents, so that the baby will be US citizen by birth, thus asking deportation of its parents all but impossible), millions of dollars are doled out by the government every year to illegal aliens to care for their US citizen children in the form of WICK, food stamps, and welfare.If the parents of these children were all suddenly legalized, welfare and food stamps would be handed out for them as well, raising government spending, and vicariously all taxpaying citizens would suffer by sustenance to families that would prefer to suckle at the t eat of the American government than to go out and work for a living. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people pour into America unlawfully. They upriver Americans of Jobs, receive government benefits that cost every taxpaying citizen, bring diseases, steal, assault, kill, drive recklessly, over-populate our prisons, and generally ignore the law.They come in such swarms that the entire American culture has been forced to bend to their will, with every large corporation and government agency now offering Spanish versions of all their services. They make life for American citizens financially difficult, and infuriate many with their brazen attitude toward learning English, with the belief that things must be available to them in Spanish. They make America a more dangerous place for all. Illegal immigration is a plague, and like all other plagues throughout history, it must be quashed quickly and decisively.Conclusion: All in all, we are all people. We all aspire to be something. Des pite the facts that show the negatives upon minorities, they are forced into situations in which they cannot control or have a hard time in doing so because of racism. Racism puts them in an environment in which violence is constantly around them. Without the absence of racism and the acceptance of people into a new world in which is made for all and not Just some, there will never be a world which can prosper.